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Space Force Established

2020 will finally see the establishment of the U.S. Space Force, an idea that had been postponed for some time.

On December 20, the President signed the 2020 National Defense Authorization Act and with it, directed the establishment of the U.S. Space Force as the sixth branch of the armed forces.

 “We are at the dawn of a new era for our Nation’s Armed Forces.  The establishment of the U.S. Space Force is an historic event and a strategic imperative for our Nation.  Space has become so important to our way of life, our economy, and our national security that we must be prepared as a Nation to protect it from hostile actions,” said Secretary of Defense, Mark T. Esper.  “Our Military Services have created the world’s best space capabilities.  Now is the time for the U.S. Space Force to lead our Nation in preparing for emerging threats in an evolving space environment.  This new service will help ensure we are postured to deter aggression, defend our national interests and outpace potential adversaries.”

 “Space is critical to our nation’s economic interests, national security, and way of life,” said Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Mark A. Milley.  “In military operations, space is not just a place from which we support combat operations in other domains, but a warfighting domain in and of itself.  Our adversaries are building and deploying capabilities to threaten us, so we can no longer take space for granted.  The U.S. Space Force is the necessary and essential step our Nation will take to defend our national interests in space today and into the future.”

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“The launch of the U.S. Space Force propels the nation into a new era,” said Secretary of the Air Force, Barbara M. Barrett.  “An agile, lean and technologically-advanced force of talented professionals will now singularly focus on protecting our U.S. national interests and security in space.”

“With the establishment of the Space Force we elevate the organize, train and equip function consistent with the criticality of the space domain,” said Gen. Jay Raymond, Chief of Space Operations and Commander, U.S. Space Command.  “The U.S. Space Force will deliver the capabilities U.S. Space Command needs to control and exploit space for national advantage.”

According to the Air Force Times, and civilians who work at Air Force Space Command will be assigned to the Space Force, but nothing else will change.  “Uniforms, a rank structure, training and education are all to be determined, and for the foreseeable future, Space Force will continue to be manned by airmen, wearing, Air Force uniforms, subject to that service’s fitness program, personnel system and so on.” The relationship between the Air Force and the Space Command will be similar to that of the Marine Corps to the Navy.

In a speech at Hillsdale University, Lieutenant General Steven L. Kwast, the commander of the Air Education and Training Command at the San Antonio-Randolph Base in Texas noted “The power of space will change world power forever.” Kwast’s call for a Space Force was urgent, arguing that “…if China becomes dominant in space they will put roadblocks in place for the countries that come after them. Whoever gets there first will have the ultimate strategic high ground…They are building that infrastructure. They are unapologetic about it, and they plan on declaring victory as the dominant world power in space at the Communist regime’s 100-year anniversary, 2049.”

Aside from the obvious defense implications, keeping space safe from aggressive powers is an urgent national economic imperative.  A study from the Bureau of Economic Analysis notes that In the United States, the FAA estimated the U.S. space industry was valued at approximately $158 billion in 2016. The DOC Bureau of Industry and Security estimated employment for the “U.S. space industrial base” was over 2.6 million workers in 2012. A report by Aerospace Industries and Association estimated that “space systems” within the aerospace and defense industries contributed $39 billion to U.S. economic output in 2018.

Illustration: U.S. Space Command