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NATO’s Crucial Meeting

This week’s NATO summit, now in session ,is a test both of the stability of the most important military alliance in existence, and the maturity and realism of key European governments.

At the conclusion of the Second World War, the United States possessed the west’s sole major functioning economy. It was both appropriate and logical that it provided, by a vast degree, the lion’s share of the alliance’s resources.

That conflict ended over 70 years ago, however.  The nations of western Europe have fully recovered, and some, like Germany, have become economic powerhouses.  The need for NATO to exist remains vital, particularly in light of Putin’s’ aggression and massive military buildup.  However, the rationale for European nations to continuing to depend on American taxpayers to pay a major portion of Europe’s defense no longer exists.

Overall, just four out of 27 NATO nations comply with the alliances’ military budget guidelines.  Under President Trump, American defense spending on Europe has doubled.

Defense News reports that Germany, the economic powerhouse of the continent, has allowed its military to deteriorate to a dangerous degree. “The Bundeswehr had a peak force of 600,000 at the end of the Cold War when West Germany conscripted young men, and has since shrunk to a 177,000-strong volunteer force…Systemic budget shortages now endanger training, military exercises and missions, while many barracks are crumbling…”

In 2015, Kyle Miokami, writing for the National Interest asked, “Is Germany’s Military Dying?… “… numerous articles have arisen demonstrating the Bundeswehr’s lack of readiness. Fixed wing aircraft, helicopters and other vehicles have been grounded due to lack of spare parts, bringing readiness rates below 50%. Indeed, Germany’s military, while armed with some of the world’s most deadly weapons, faces some tremendous challenges.”

Germany is not alone. Euronews notes that “The UK’s defence spending is ‘far too low’to combat threats facing the country, including Russian aggression, MPs warned…In its latest report, Britain’s Defence Committee urged the government to hike defence spending from its current level of 2% of GDP to 3%. Defence spending is far too low,’ MPs wrote in the report. ‘The Government now needs to apply the resources that are necessary to keep this country safe, and must begin moving the level of defence expenditure back towards 3% of GDP, as it was in the mid-1990s.’’”

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It is interesting to note that some Eastern European NATO members, especially Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania, that only escaped Russian occupation in the past few decades, have moved more diligently to provide their fair share than their western counterparts.

Despite promises to do more, several nations still fail to live up to their commitments. The Wall Street Journal reports that “There is a long history of U.S. frustration with its allies’ military spending. Following Russia’s military intervention in eastern Ukraine and Crimea, NATO nations promised at a summit meeting in Wales all members would spend at least 2% of their GDP on defense by 2024. At least 20% of that was to be spent on weapons and improving military capabilities—a target that was set to ensure that the funds didn’t go just for military pay.”

Many published reports are extremely critical of President Trump’s push to have fiscally capable European governments  meet their commitments. While almost all U.S. presidents have called for greater cost sharing , the current White House has been the most diligent on pursuing the matter.  That has led  to a great deal of criticism, even portraying the move as being soft on Russia.

President Trump has warned European leaders that “It will…become increasingly difficult to justify to American citizens why some countries continue to fail to meet our shared collective security commitments.”

Radio Free Europe broadcast comments that “Fifteen of NATO’s 29 members have laid out plans to meet the alliance’s defense spending goal by 2024, overall increasing spending by $46 billion,” according to NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg.” Stoltenberg emphasized that “After years of decline, since 2014 we have seen three years of increasing defense spending across European allies and Canada.’ His comments come as U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis is expected to pressure U.S. allies in Europe to increase military spending to levels targeted by NATO, fulfilling a key commitment sought by U.S. President Donald Trump. NATO has set a goal of each member spending 2 percent of their gross domestic product on defense, but until recently only a few of NATO’s 29 members met that target. Stoltenberg said that in 2014, only three allies met the goal, but the number has increased to eight this year. The increase in the last four years has added $19 billion to spending on weapons and equipment for the alliance, he said. An additional seven NATO members have laid out plans to meet the goal by 2024.”

The question, of course, is whether those goals are adhered to.

Photo: NATO Secretary Stoltenberg addresses the European Council. (NATO)

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NATO Reports Increased Threats

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, NATO rightfully received significant credit for staring down what had been one of history’s most formidable military powers.

Moscow has once again become a major armed threat.  Indeed, it is now in a stronger position than it was during the first Cold War, thanks in equal measure to the bellicosity of Vladimir Putin and the pacifism of Barack Obama.

For far too long, the defense budgets of the United States and to an even greater extent those of our NATO allies have been underfunded. In recognition of the Kremlin’s growing danger, attention is starting to be paid by the western alliance to its diminished strength.

NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg has released his annual report on the challenges facing the alliance.

He notes that “The security environment in 2015 was one of complex challenges and unpredictable threats to the safety of citizens in the Euro-Atlantic area and around the world. Violent extremism and instability in the Middle East and North Africa persisted, worsening the humanitarian crises in Syria and Iraq, and fuelling the largest flow of refugees in decades. Terrorists attacked in Ankara and Paris, Beirut and San Bernardino. They killed indiscriminately, bombing a plane of Russians on holiday in Egypt, shooting tourists in Tunisia and gunning down concert-goers and others out for an evening in France. Through these acts, terrorists attempted to disrupt people’s everyday lives and fragment the rules-based societies and systems that are the foundation of stability and prosperity.

“Russia continued to pursue a more assertive and unpredictable military posture in 2015. While persisting in illegally occupying parts of Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine, and continuing to support separatists fighting in eastern Ukraine, Russia also began a military operation in Syria, not as part of the Global Coalition to Counter ISIL but in support of the Assad regime. The serious risks associated with ignoring or skirting agreed international rules and procedures were brought to light in 2015, when violations of Turkish airspace led to the downing of a Russian jet…

“NATO is fully committed to the collective defence of all Allies and continues to bolster the readiness and responsiveness of its forces. Throughout 2015, NATO continued to implement the Readiness Action Plan…providing assurance for Allies in the eastern part of the Alliance, supporting Turkey as it is faced with instability in the South, and adapting so that NATO is prepared for the challenges of today and tomorrow. These actions have contributed to the most significant reinforcement of NATO’s collective defence in decades.
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“NATO agreed a hybrid strategy to cope with the fast-moving challenges posed through a range of military and non-military means. The Alliance exercised its forces in a variety of scenarios throughout the year, including in its largest exercise in over a decade which brought together more than 36,000 troops from over 30 countries…

“In 2015, Allies invested in defence and security, developing and improving their capabilities, including ballistic missile defence, surveillance and reconnaissance, and cyber defence. Allies worked together and with partners on the operations and missions in which NATO is engaged, from training and advising in Afghanistan to maritime monitoring in the Mediterranean.

“NATO deepened its cooperation with partners across a range of areas to build capacity, enhance interoperability and to generate a better understanding of and approach to a variety of shared challenges to security…

“The Alliance continued to stand by Ukraine in 2015, enhancing its support to Ukraine as it works to improve its governance and security structures, despite the ongoing conflict in the eastern part of the country…NATO continued to adapt as an institution in 2015, implementing reforms to its civilian and military structures to ensure a modern, efficient, effective and accountable institution.”

One challenge that the Secretary General cannot diplomatically address in public is the continued underfunding of western military forces.  Even before the disinvestment in U.S. defense under the Obama Administration, European nations had significantly failed to provide remotely adequate financial support.

In the United Kingdom, as noted by the Guardian, Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn has advocated British nuclear disarmament, despite Russia’s atomic weapons buildup under President Putin.