deportation – USA Gov Policy

Despite the waves of immigrants streaming across the inadequately patrolled American southern border, the Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency (ICE) removed 52,701 less individuals in fy2014 than in fy2013.

Mexico is a nation besieged by a massive criminal gang problem. In several areas, these illicit organizations wield more power than the government. Now, they are exporting that crisis north to the United States.

According to the Center for Immigration Studies (CIS) “Since 2005, ICE and its local law enforcement partners have arrested more than 30,000 gang members, leaders and associates. Violent gang members arrive from all over the globe, but ICE arrest data reflect that the most prolifically violent gangs that are the highest priority for enforcement have significant numbers of members from Central America and Mexico. These hardened, professional criminal organizations are not merely operating on the border. “CIS has found that ICE arrest data shows that such gangs are not confined to traditional immigrant gateway communities, but have sprouted all over the country, in urban, suburban and rural areas.”

According to I.C.E. official statistics, In FY 2014:

ICE conducted 315,943 removals.
ICE conducted 102,224 removals of individuals apprehended in the interior of the United States.

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86,923 (85 percent) of all interior removals involved individuals previously convicted of a crime.

ICE conducted 213,719 removals of individuals apprehended while attempting to unlawfully enter the United States.
56 percent of all ICE removals, or 177,960, involved individuals who were previously convicted of a crime.

ICE apprehended and removed 86,923 criminals from the interior of the U.S.
ICE removed 91,037 criminals apprehended while attempting to unlawfully enter the United States.

98 percent of all ICE FY 2014 removals, or 309,477, clearly met one or more of ICE’s stated civil immigration enforcement priorities.
Of the 137,983 individuals removed who had no criminal conviction, 89 percent, or 122,682, were apprehended at or near the border while attempting to unlawfully enter the country.
The leading countries of origin for removals were Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador.

In anticipation of the 2014 elections, the drive to reform immigration policy—and the supposed campaign benefit it brings from the Latino and Muslim communities—has accelerated.

Political disputes about immigration policy frequently center on the plight of those seeking to enter the United States seeking employment, or were brought into the nation as young children and have never known another homeland. However, another side to the softening of immigration rules is the potential to allow criminals or terrorists to enter into or stay in the U.S.

Earlier this year, the Obama Administration eased regulations barring individuals who had provided “limited material support” to terrorists from entering America. Questions have arisen whether the White House can unilaterally change enforcement policies written into law, a debate that has also affected the Affordable Care Act and other provisions.

The Administration contends that affected individuals have innocently and only marginally engaged in activities that benefited terrorists. Opponents of the move argue that US officials rely only on the word of those seeking to enter that they were not actually sympathetic with those seeking to harm America or other Western targets.

The next issue involves the treatment of non-terrorist criminals by the Obama Administration. There are reports and studies indicating that criminals are being inappropriately released after their apprehension.

KRGV television in Texas reports that the border patrol union has protested against the Administration’s “Catch and Release” policy affecting many illegals captured by agents.
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According to the reported release from the National Border Patrol Council Local 3307,

“Rank and file Border Patrol agents are frustrated with the catch and release process as a whole…illegals will continue to cross and strain the system in order to exploit the weaknesses in the system. Our nation’s borders are not secure despite what some will try and have you believe…”

The Center for Immigration Studies review of official records found that “hundreds of thousands of deportable aliens…were released instead of removed under the Administration’s sweeping “prosecutorial discretion” guidelines. In 2013,the US Immigration Custom Enforcement agency (ICE) reported 722,000 encounters with potentially deportable aliens, most of whom came to their attention after incarceration for a local arrest. Yet ICE officials followed through with immigration charges for only 195,000 of these aliens…Many of the aliens ignored by ICE were convicted criminals. In 2013, ICE agents released 68,000 aliens with criminal convictions, or 35 percent of all criminal aliens they reported encountering.”

According to official records cited by the review, “ICE targeted 28 percent fewer aliens for deportation…in 2013 than in 2012, despite sustained high numbers of encounters in the Criminal Alien and Secure Communities programs…every ICE field office but one reported a decline in interior enforcement activity…ICE reports that there are more than 870,000 aliens on its docket who have been ordered removed, but who remain in defiance of the law.”

The White House and the Senate leadership continue to frame immigration reform in the context of those seeking to enter or remain in the US for wholesome reasons. However, the more salient issue is the lax enforcement of laws affecting terrorists and criminals who are within American borders.

Quick Analysis

Ukraine’s Frozen Conflict

As we approach winter in the northern hemisphere, the war in Ukraine is beginning to resemble a “frozen conflict” from many perspectives. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky recently told the media he hopes the war will end faster once President-elect Trump takes over in January. Opinions in Moscow, however, differ from that of the Ukrainian leader. Russian President Vladimir Putin argues that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) needs to exclude Ukraine from joining in “exchange” for peace. If it does not, he says, then no end to the war is in sight. So far there is no Christmas solution. Several NATO countries, according to Vladimir Socor of the Jamestown Foundation, are tentatively considering “coalitions-of-the-willing” to provide security for Ukraine outside of the formal NATO framework. There is, however, no collective mechanism today under which such an arrangement is viable. According to the NATO Charter, while Ukraine is a NATO partner country, it may not join as a full member since it has not fulfilled the requirements for membership. That has not stopped NATO and allies from continuing “to provide Ukraine with unprecedented levels of support, helping to uphold its fundamental right to self-defence,” according to the organization. Socor says that keeping Ukraine out of NATO will not advance peace with Russia. Waiting for a peace settlement, he suggests, would only serve to encourage Moscow to continue the war indefinitely. Although the Biden Administration officially withdrew its support for Ukrainian membership in 2021, NATO maintains an “open door” policy toward membership-seeking countries. The current White House position led the way for European states to oppose Ukraine’s membership saying that a decision should be delayed until “conditions are met.” Biden pushed for changing “open door” to a “bridge” metaphor. It is not intended as an across-the-board NATO policy and has been implemented in the past on a case-by-case basis, says Socor. “The alliance’s open-door policy was not fully insulated from Russia’s non-statutory blocking power, and NATO-aspirant countries’ path toward membership was not always irreversible.” Russia has successfully blocked states like Georgia from joining, first in 2008 and again after the war in Ukraine began in 2014. Russia recognizes the value add of Ukraine to NATO is enormous and that Kyiv has a better case than some other nations. Putin’s invasion was, in part, intended to foreclose that option. By 2021, Moscow was pushing hard to maximize its war objectives, which included further annexations of Ukrainian territory. A main goal for Putin was, and is, to ensure there is no Ukraine left to join NATO. As President-elect Trump prepares to assume office in January, he is faced with the historical challenges presented by the war. Post-conflict security guarantees were the center of several proposals made during the 2023 military stalemate. The incoming Trump Administration has yet to outline how it intends to handle the Russia-Ukraine war. Analysts in Washington believe that the new Administration will expect its European allies to guarantee the majority of Ukraine’s security needs. As we approach 2025, several European nations have acknowledged that they do not view Ukraine as eligible for NATO membership as it would draw the organization into the middle of the conflict. Others want to wait until the war is over or pending a “peace” settlement before considering Ukrainian membership. Socor reports that some “influential voices” are suggesting that “Kyiv should join NATO after “freezing” the war along a stable armistice line, de facto accepting Ukraine’s partition, with NATO security guarantees applying de jure to the government-controlled territory only.” This would mean starting accession talks soon with the actual talks to commence only after a ceasefire is in place. Trump arrives in Washington at a time when Putin’s hybrid strategies of war in Ukraine have eviscerated commonly-held differences between war and peace. “Absent a political consensus in NATO over Ukrainian membership, certain European allies, including France’s President Emmanuel Macron, are holding informal consultations about post-conflict security guarantees to Kyiv by NATO members outside of NATO’s framework,” according to the Jamestown Foundation. The Biden Administration downplayed the discussions on possible forms of military assistance and defense industry cooperation by sending only an Assistant Secretary of State. For a European peace to hold the Trump Administration would need to formally extend the United States’ nuclear deterrence to Ukraine. Options under discussion in Europe include a “coalition of the resolute” to deploy forces to Ukraine as part of a possible armistice package, deterring further Russian attacks, says Secor. European officials are also debating, without any agreement, whether its military forces could perform non-combat logistical roles to free Ukrainian forces to fight. None of the possible courses of action has moved forward as all eyes are waiting on the incoming Trump Administration for clues about its intended level of support for a NATO framework and other non-NATO proposals. Daria Novak served in the U.S. State Dept.