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Can NATO Survive?

After a successful conclusion to the Cold War, can the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) regroup to respond to the new threat from Moscow?

Vladimir Putin’s intentions were made clear in a telling comment by Andranik Migranyan, head of the Kremlin-controlled “Institute for Democracy and Cooperation” reported in the Fiscal Times in response to analogies between Russia’s actions in Ukraine, and Germany’s in the 1930’s:

“One must distinguish between Hitler before 1939 and Hitler after 1939…the thing is that Hitler collected [German] lands.  If he had become famous only for uniting  without a drop of blood Germany with Austria, Sudetenland and Memel, in fact completing  what Bismarck failed to do, and if he had stopped there, then he would have remained a politician of the highest class.”

Moscow’s worrisome military moves are not restricted to former Soviet satellites.  In December, the Kremlin confirmed  that it had deployed ISKANDER tactical nuclear missiles on NATO’s border. The move was not in response to any western action.

There have also been a number of incidents in which Moscow’s nuclear-capable bombers and submarines have come threateningly close to the airspace and coasts of NATO nations both in Europe and the United States.

Richard Perle, former chair of the Defense Policy Board for President George W. Bush and current fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, recently stated in a Newsmax interview that Putin is attempting to “put Humpty Dumpty back together again and re-create something that looks like the old Soviet Empire.”

NATO’s forces have shrunk considerably since the end of the Cold War, symbolized by the diminishing military budgets of both European nations and the United States.  The United States has also unilaterally withdrawn all of its most vital land weapons, tanks, from the European continent.

Russia’s annexation of Crimea in early 2014, which the United States and the European Union say violated international law, will likely poison relations with NATO for the foreseeable future. “We clearly face the gravest threat to European security since the end of the Cold War,” said Secretary-General Rasmussen of Russia’s intervention.

Russia’s invasions of Georgia in 2008 and Ukraine in 2014, as well as its deployment of ISKANDER tactical nuclear weapons to its European border, have brought back the threat most had thought vanished with the fall of the Soviet Union.  But NATO’s individual governments, including most importantly the United States, have slashed military budgets.

NATO’s sharp reduction in forces, even in the face of increasing threats, has brought into question the viability of the alliance.  A 2012 Brookings Institute study

“There have long been debates about the sustainability of the transatlantic alliance and accusations amongst allies of unequal contributions to burden-sharing. But since countries on both sides of the Atlantic have begun introducing new – and often major – military spending cuts in response to the economic crisis, concerns about the future of transatlantic defense cooperation have become more pronounced.

Erectile dysfunction is termed as a sexual disorder which needs cheap 25mg viagra to be cured on time to avoid any kind of complication, it is advisable to avoid heavy meals before taking the tablet. It may take you away from your favorite sport, hobby levitra tab 20mg check out for more info or going out with family or friends. Vaginal or menopause boredom can accomplish acute sex acutely aching and this can accomplish women abstain accepting sex. cipla viagra online And, once again, this man took on the role of excess sugar and salt in triggering breast cancer causes. generic levitra online appalachianmagazine.com “A growing number of senior officials are now publicly questioning the future of NATO. In June 2011, in the midst of NATO’s operation in Libya, Robert Gates, then US Defense Secretary, stated that Europe faced the prospect of “collective military irrelevance” and that unless the continent stemmed the deterioration of its armed forces, NATO faced a “dim, if not dismal Future.” Ivo Daalder, the US Permanent  Representative to NATO, and James Stavridis, NATO’s Supreme Allied Commander Europe, have argued that “if defense spending continues to decline, NATO may not be able to replicate its success in Libya in another decade.”

“The alliance’s Secretary General, Anders Fogh Rasmussen, has warned that “if European defense spending cuts continue, Europe’s ability to be a stabilizing force even in its neighborhood will rapidly disappear.” While Norwegian Defense Minister Espen Barth Eide has claimed that “exercises have shown that NATO’s ability to conduct conventional military operations has markedly declined. […] Not only is NATO’s ability to defend its member states questionable, it might actually deteriorate further as financial pressures in Europe and the US force cuts in military spending”

Russia’s aggression represents a disappointing end result for NATO’s numerous attempts to establish a relationship with Moscow based on a post-Cold War (or “Cold War 1” as it is becoming known) era of cooperation rather than confrontation.  According to a recent NATO document, 

“Over the past twenty years, NATO has consistently worked for closer cooperation and trust with Russia.  However, Russia has violated international law and acted in contradiction with the principles and commitments in the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council Basic Document,   the NATO-Russia Founding Act,  and the Rome Declaration.   It has gravely breached the trust upon which NATO-Russia cooperation must be based.”

Russia’s NATO envoy, Aleksandr Grushko, responded in a statement reported in the Russian publication RT that “…NATO still has a double standard policy. And Cold War stereotypes are still applied towards Russia…”

NATO turned 65 in 2014, a year that also marks the 15th, 10th, and 5th anniversary of members who joined since the end of the Cold War, enlarging the alliance to a total of 28 member states. It is, arguably, the most successful military alliance in history, winning its original goal of preventing a Soviet invasion, without having to actually go to war.

NATO currently conducts 5 active missions: peacekeeping in Kosovo, anti-terrorism patrols in the Mediterranean, anti-piracy in the Gulf of Aden and the Horn of Africa, assistance to the African Union in Somalia, and fighting the Taliban in Afghanistan. But it is the Russian threat that looms largest.  NATO seems unprepared to deal with.

Particularly under Vladimir Putin, Russia, despite numerous NATO overtures for peace and cooperation, has viewed NATO’s growth with anger.  Moscow, which spends a greater percentage of its GDP   (4.1%) on defense than either the U.S. (2.4%) or NATO nations (averaging about 2%)  maintains that it opposes NATO growth because it views it as a threat to its nation, despite all evidence to the contrary. A more accurate analysis indicates that the alliance prevents the Kremlin from re-forming the Soviet Empire in a different format.

The Council of Foreign Relations  notes that NATO’s Bucharest summit in the spring of 2008 sharply deepened the distrust. The alliance delayed “Membership Action Plans” for Ukraine and Georgia but declared its support for eventual full membership for both, despite repeated warnings from Russia of political and military consequences. Russia’s invasion of Georgia in the summer, following Georgian shelling of South Ossetia after what it termed an occupation by Russian forces, was a clear signal of Moscow’s intentions to protect and enlarge what it sees as its sphere of influence.

Many had hope that Moscow’s opposition to NATO’s growth had been resolved in 1997, when the alliance and Russia adopted a security agreement in which Moscow consented to NATO’s growth in return for a promise that masses of troops, equipment or nuclear missiles would not be placed on Russia border. The hope was not realized.

The Report continues next week.

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America’s Manned Space Program Vanishing

Nations that look to their future needs and opportunities, despite current challenges, tend to succeed.  Those that don’t risk being consigned to the dustbin of history.

In terms of technology, national security, and economic expansion, funding support for NASA represents a clear example of how vested the nation’s leadership is in developing a bright future for the country. That’s why the 1%, $186 million cut in NASA’s budget, from $17.646 billion to $17.460 has many worried. In a time of unacceptable deficits, the reduction may at first appear small, until a closer examination reveals that even without the cut, the space agency was significantly underfunded.

In a move that encapsulates the President’s shaky relations with the legislative branch, he reneged on a funding agreement that had been reached previously about the space agency’s budget.

The evidence is clear cut, especially in comparison to other nations that are now surpassing America. China is pursuing a vigorous program, including the orbiting of its own crewed space station and the development of plans to put a manned base on the moon. Russia, too, has ambitious plans. Right now, those two nations, both deeply antagonistic to the U.S., are the only countries capable of putting humans into space.  America’s return to the high frontier continues to slip further into the future.

Even after knowing those negative impacts of social media and networking canada pharmacy viagra sites. They do not discuss their issues easily. canadian pharmacies tadalafil Are you blighted cheap viagra generic by a total lack of erection, while many men face an irregularity with erection disorder might not get Erection disorder drugs, the unnaturally made types have been verified to show damaging unintended effects. Reduced levels of testosterone lower desire for lovemaking. cheap buy viagra An unusually blunt and furious exchange took place in Congress recently between Rep. Mo Brooks (R-Alabama) and NASA Administrator Charles Bolden. Brooks has long criticized President Obama’s decision to end the ability of the U.S. to put astronauts in orbit by eliminating the space shuttles.

“This Administration,” Brooks stated, “Made the decision to mothball our space shuttles and put them in museums rather than keeping them available…”   His comments, reported by MSNBC,  lambasted the White House’s funding priorities by stating that Obama spends “40 times more on welfare programs that put a high priority on buying election votes no matter the loss of funding for NASA, national defense, or other productive functions of the federal government.”

Some of the criticism is bipartisan.  The powerful head of the Senate’s Appropriations Committee, Democrat Barbara Milkulski (D-Maryland) has vowed to restore funding at least to last year’s level.

Manned space programs have been particularly hard hit. The Chair of the House Space and Aeronautics subcommittee, Rep. Stephen Palazzo (R-Mississippi) has called the cumulative $330 million reduction to the development of  Orion manned space craft and the Space Launch System designed to put that craft into space unacceptable. The goal of using commercial craft developed by U.S. companies to put Americans into space has been delayed until 2017, leaving America reliant on Russia.

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Have Campaign Regulations Helped or Harmed American Elections?

To many, the regulation of political campaigns is a matter of deepest principle, an essential tool in preventing corruption. To others, it is an intense and unacceptable violation of the First Amendment, an attempt by bureaucrats to hinder candidacies that don’t have the support of party bosses and other powerful elites.  Critics of the concept point to the success of ultra-rich candidates who gain an edge since they can finance their own elections without dealing with campaign restrictions on donations.

A Congressional Research Service Report to Congress described the dynamic tension:

“Campaign finance regulation invokes two conflicting values implicit in the application of the First Amendment’s guarantee of free political speech and association. On the one hand, political expression constitutes “core” First Amendment activity, which the Supreme Court grants the greatest deference and protection in order to “assure [the] unfettered interchange of ideas for the bringing

about of political and social changes desired by the people.”

On the other hand, according to the Court in its landmark 1976 decision, Buckley v. Valeo, an absolutely free “political marketplace” is neither mandated by the First Amendment, nor is it desirable, because when left uninhibited by reasonable regulation, corruptive pressures undermine the integrity of political institutions and undercut public confidence in republican governance. In other words, although the Court reveres the freedoms of speech and association, it has upheld infringements on these freedoms in order to further the governmental interests of protecting the electoral process from corruption or the appearance of corruption.”

 MAJOR CHANGES HAVE OCCURRED RCENTLY

 Legal and legislative wrangling over campaign regulation has been particularly active since 2002, when Congress considerably altered campaign finance law in the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act. The recent study, “The Constitutionality of Campaign Finance Regulation: Buckley v. Valeo and its Supreme Court Progeny” notes:

“The Supreme Court’s 2010 ruling in Citizens United v. FEC and a related lower-court decision, SpeechNow.org v. FEC, arguably represents the most fundamental changes to campaign finance law in decades. Citizens United lifted a previous ban on corporate (and union) independent expenditures advocating election or defeat of candidates. Speech Now permitted unlimited contributions to such expenditures and facilitated the advent of super PACs. Although campaign finance policy remains the subject of intense debate and public interest, there have been few legislative or regulatory changes to respond to the 2010 court rulings. This report considers these and other developments in campaign finance policy and comments on areas of potential conflict and consensus. Legislative activity to respond to the rulings has focused on the DISCLOSE Act, which passed the House during the 111th Congress, and was reintroduced during the 112th and 113th Congresses (H.R. 148). Recent alternatives, which include some elements of DISCLOSE, include 113th

Congressional bills such as Senators Wyden and Murkowski’s S. 791, or proposals that would require additional disclosure from certain 501(c) groups.”

The recently released 5 to 4 Supreme Court decision in the matter of McCutheon et al v. Federal Elections Commission complies with the view that attempts to interfere in the electoral process in ways not specified by the Constitution must be carefully screened to insure that they do not violate the First Amendment.

The decision is consistent with the 1976 decision in Buckley v. Valeo: “The concept that government may restrict the speech of some elements of our society in order to enhance the relative voice of others is wholly foreign to the First Amendment.”

Chief Justice Roberts delivered the decision, noting that corruption would be held in check by limiting how large a single donation could be.

In its 5-4 decision, the Court held that “The right to participate in democracy through political contributions is protected by the First Amendment, but that right is not absolute.  Congress may regulate campaign contributions to protect against corruption or the appearance of corruption…It may not, however, regulate contributions simply to reduce the amount of money in politics, or to restrict the political participation of some in order to enhance the relative influence of others.”

That part of the decision—stressing that campaign regulations cannot be used to enhance the influence of some at the expense of others– is of extraordinary importance. Although the McCutheon case involves the question of aggregate limits on individual political contributions, that part of the decision may be seen as a cautionary note that the growing environment at the federal, state and local levels of campaign regulation may be violative of free speech rights.

HAS CAMPAIGN REGULATION HELPED OR HURT?

Research indicates that campaign regulation efforts have not achieved the goal of reducing the influence of money in politics.
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A study by the CATO institute found that “…there is no serious evidence that campaign finance regulation has achieved or will achieve its goals of reducing the influence of money, opening up the political system, and lowering the cost of campaigns.  Indeed, since the 1974 amendments to the Federal Election Campaign Act, spending has risen sharply, the number of political action committees and the amount of PAC spending are up, and incumbents have increased both their election rate and the rate at which they outspend their challengers.”

Campaign regulation, particularly in the distribution of public funds to aid campaigns, has been abused in a number of ways. In some localities, New York City being a significant example, local Campaign Finance Boards have used their authority to heavily and unlawfully influence the outcome of elections and enhance the power of political bosses.  In one extraordinary example, a candidate for New York City Council was a former State Assemblyman who had challenged the powerful Assembly Speaker frequently criticized for his iron rule and conflict of interest activities. The candidate was clearly not a favorite of the city’s political establishment. A highly irregular application of an ex post facto regulation  was devised to deprive the candidate of funds, and to extract a penalty as well.

The expertise required to comply with reporting requirements and other campaign regulatory measures gives political professionals and party bosses an advantage over novices running for office. In some ways, the gauntlet of regulatory compliance and restrictions on fund raising makes American politics resemble that of ancient Rome, where leadership was restricted to a small field of “great men” with the personal resources to run.

As noted by the CATO study,

“ Limitations on contributions and spending, by definition, require significant regulation of the campaign process, including significant reporting requirements as to amounts spent and sources of funds. Such regulation creates opportunities to gain an advantage over an opponent through use of the regulatory process, and litigation has now become a major campaign tactic. Typically, regulation favors insiders already familiar with the regulatory machinery and those with the money and sophistication to hire the lawyers, accountants, and lobbyists needed to comply with complex filing requirements. Indeed, there is some evidence that campaign enforcement actions are disproportionately directed at challengers, who are less likely to have staff familiar with the intricacies of campaign finance regulation.

Perhaps those most likely to run afoul of campaign finance laws are unaffiliated individuals engaged in true grassroots activities. For example, in 1991 the Los Angeles Times reviewed Federal Election Commission (FEC) files and found that 62 individuals had violated FECA contribution limits by making total contributions of more than $25,000 to candidates in the 1990 elections. As the Times noted, though many of these 62 were “successful business people” who ‘usually have the benefit of expert legal advice on the intricacies of federal election laws,’ the next largest group of violators consisted of ‘elderly persons . . . with little grasp of the federal campaign laws.’ Political involvement should not be limited to those with “the benefit of expert legal advice on the intricacies of federal election laws.”

FOREIGN CONTRIBUTIONS

Recent decisions of the Supreme Court—including both the McCutcheon case and Citizens United—have taken positions protective of the First Amendment.

The ban on any contributions from foreign sources, not part of the McCutheon case, continues.  Scandals involving contributions from foreign sources have affected both the Clinton and Obama campaigns.

According to a Washington Times report the web site Obama.com, owned by a China-based American business man, which attracted an overwhelming majority of foreigners to it, routed visitors to a donation site. Other published reports  have revealed that an Obama web site accepted donations from abroad, while a similar Romney site rejected similar foreign donations.

Bill Clinton’s presidential campaign was also linked to a serious foreign contribution scandal. Approximately $100,000 from China’s military was funneled to the Democrat campaign in the summer of 1996 by the daughter of a top general in the People’s Liberation Army, General Liu Huaqing.  The funds were not returned until after an investigation revealed the illegal activity.

Both the limits themselves, and the complicated system of reporting under federal, state and local campaign finance regulations, can be seen as favoring “party-boss” backed candidates who have both access to the specialized skills necessary to timely provide mandated filings as well as access to the type of fund-raising abilities that comply with the regulations.

CONCLUSION

Campaign regulations were enacted with good intentions, and when sharply limited to attack outright corruption, have some utility.  In practice, however, they frequently afoul of the First Amendment, and have, by empowering political bosses and “professionals,” as well as opening the door for unlawful interference in the electoral process, caused more harm than good.

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US Slashes Military as Russia Expands

 As the United States continues to slash military funding and President Obama advocates unilateral nuclear reductions, Russia is rapidly and substantially increasing both its strategic and conventional armed forces.

Over the past five years, the United States has cancelled or indefinitely postponed numerous key weapons systems, including those involving advanced missile defense, strategic bombers, strategic submarine programs, and others. The numbers of those existing systems have shrunk to levels not seen since before the Second World War, including a naval force reduced to World War One size. It’s not just the numbers that are worrisome-although at less than half their 1990 numbers that is significant enough-it’s the condition the remaining equipment is in that troubles observers. The existing U.S. arsenal is increasingly old to the point of being dangerous to use.

According to a Foundry review, “… the U.S. is the only state with nuclear weapons without a substantive nuclear weapons modernization program. Since New START entered into force, the Russians have announced the most massive nuclear weapons build-up since the end of the Cold War. Over time, if the U.S. does not change its policy or Russia adopts a fundamentally different strategic posture, Washington policymakers will be left with a qualitative and quantitative disadvantage vis-à-vis Moscow and potentially other nuclear-armed states.”

U.S. planning centers on the belief that the Cold War is over, but Russia does not concur. Indeed, Moscow has taken precisely the opposite course. As noted by NTI,

“Once Russia completes recapitalization and modernization of its strategic triad, the structure and composition will largely mirror the strategic triad the Soviet Union created during the Cold War, and that Russia attempted to maintain following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.”

While the terms of the New START treaty adopted in the first Obama term left the U.S. and Russia in rough numerical strategic nuclear parity, it overlooked a needed ban on Multiple Independently Targeted Re-entry Vehicle warheads (MIRVs). As a result, Russia “out-MIRVS“the U.S. by one per each accountable deployed delivery system. Further, Moscow is rapidly gaining the advantage due to the diverse treatment of each nation’s arsenal.

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America’s strategic weaponry is aged and increasingly unreliable.  In contrast, Russia is diligently and rapidly modernizing its forces. As noted by the New Deterrent Working Group:

“As America refrains from modernizing its deterrent, Russia is demonstrably relying ever more heavily on its nuclear forces, which are being systematically built up…they are working hard on a range of nuclear improvements and also on consolidating their advantage in short range nuclear weapons in order to dominate their neighbors. The Kremlin is simultaneously engaging more and more direct nuclear threats against our allies, eroding confidence in the United States’ extended deterrent.  An Moscow is irrefutably doing hydronuclear and hydrodynamic experiments at Novaya Zemlya, underground nuclear testing of a sort the United States claims is impermissible under the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and that it has, as a signatory…forsworn.”

Russia has actually increased the danger of nuclear weapons use in recent years. The Congressional Research Services study released in January discusses Moscow’s growing emphasis on nonstrategic atomic arms:

“Russia has altered and adjusted the Soviet nuclear strategy to meet its new circumstances in a post-Cold War world. It explicitly rejected the Soviet Union’s no-first-use pledge in 1993, indicating that it viewed nuclear weapons as a central feature in its military and security strategies. However, Russia did not maintain the Soviet Union’s view of the need for nuclear weapons to conduct surprise attacks or preemptive attacks. Instead, it seems to view these weapons as more defensive in nature, as a deterrent to conventional or nuclear attack and as a means to retaliate and defend itself if an attack were to occur.

“Russia has revised its national security and military strategy several times in the past 20 years, with successive versions appearing to place a greater reliance on nuclear weapons. For example, the military doctrine issued in 1997 allowed for the use of nuclear weapons “in case of a threat to the existence of the Russian Federation.” The doctrine published in 2000 expanded the circumstances when Russia might use nuclear weapons to include attacks using weapons of mass destruction against Russia or its allies “as well as in response to large-scale aggression utilizing conventional weapons in situations critical to the national security of the Russian Federation.” In mid-2009, when discussing the revision of Russia’s defense strategy that was expected late in 2009 or early 2010, Nikolai Patrushev, the head of Russia’s Presidential Security Council, indicated that Russia would have the option to launch a “preemptive nuclear strike” against an aggressor “using conventional weapons in an all-out, regional, or even local war.”

Moscow is expected to increase military spending by $770 billion within the current decade, and that is just the public portion of the nation’s armed forces budget.  Nuclear weapons expenditures will be hiked by 50% in the next two years.

As President Obama seeks to close down the only American plant manufacturing tanks, Russia plans to add 2,300 new tanks.

Putin’s air force will fly 1,200 new helicopters and planes, and his navy will float fifty new surface ships, including a new missile sub.

Within a year, PRAVDA notes, 40 new intercontinental missiles will be deployed.  In 2013, Russia’s powerful new YARS mobile ICBMs were deployed. The Iskander tactical mobile nuclear missiles were positioned to threaten Europe.

More Missile defense radars wll be fielded and the Triumph missile defense will be implemented this year-an irony considering Moscow’s opposition to U.S. missile defense plans.

Russia’s emphasis on the need for tactical nuclear weapons in response to conventional threats appears unnecessary.  According to the New York Times American forces in Europe have been sharply reduced, dropping from 400,000 to 67,000.  The arsenal of weapons at the disposal of the U.S. military in Europe is said to be 85% smaller than in 1989.

Moscow is deploying its modernized military in areas immediately threatening to the United States. It is establishing a presence  in Cuba, Nicaragua, and Venezuela. Putin has also ordered his forces to establish a significant presence in the Arctic.

President Obama’s belief that Russia is only a “regional power” is truly bizarre in light of these statistics, and his policy of unilateral arms reduction appears to be exceptionally imprudent.

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Russia Resurgent, America Diminished

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Last June, The NEW YORK ANALYSIS reviewed the resurgence of the Russian military.  The funds that have been committed, the statements by Kremlin officials, and the deployment of new arms systems indicate that Moscow is in the midst of an exceptionally significant arms buildup. 

One salient question remained, however.  Would the foreign policy of the Russian Federation prove as aggressive as its military buildup?

That question has been effectively addressed by the invasion and annexation of Crimea.

 Neither foreign nor military policies exist in a vacuum.  Vladimir Putin’s actions should be examined in the context of the threats and opportunities he believes face his nation.  His statement that “The greatest tragedy of the 20th Century was the collapse of the Soviet Union” provides significant insight into the international perspective currently guiding Moscow’s worldview. 

During most of the presidency of George W. Bush, the United States, aroused by the Islamist assault of 9/11, held a muscular foreign policy and a well-funded military.  (It should be noted, however, that it was a military that was not focused on potential conflicts with great powers such as Russia or China.)  While Moscow was not entirely quiescent–it employed its vast oil reserves as a wedge to influence European politics–it did not act openly belligerent, and even expressed commonality with the West in areas such as anti-terrorism. However, Russia’s 2008 invasion of Georgia, during a period in which the United States was already heavily involved in military action in Afghanistan and still entrenched in Iraq, signaled an end to that period of relative restraint.

Any vestige of a restrained perspective was substantially altered following the American elections of 2008. The Obama/Clinton “Reset” with Moscow was established by that new President and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton without regard to reciprocity on the Kremlin’s part.  The policy has subsequently proven to be an embarrassment, and Secretary of State Kerry responded to a recent inquiry concerning it by claiming he didn’t know what the reporter was referring to .

As noted by commentator Rich Lowry in Politico, “It didn’t take a student of Russian history, or of international relations…to know this would end in ashes…at one level, the Obama Administration was guilty of the human impulse of wanting to see the world as you would like rather than as it is. At another, the President is not particularly interested in foreign relations.  It was appropriate that one of his statements on the [Crimean] crisis came at an elementary school while he was announcing his latest budget, which reduces the U.S. Army to pre-World War II levels.  Because we all know that we will never face an unexpected, unpredictable crisis again.”

New START’s Effect

Ignoring the uncomfortable reality of Moscow’s Georgian invasion, the Obama Administration moved quickly to adopt the New START nuclear arms treaty.

One of the key problems with the treaty had nothing to do with either Russia or the United States.  Those two nations are no longer the only two powers with multi-faceted and devastatingly powerful nuclear arms.  Leaving China out of any agreement is essentially to ignore a massive change in the international environment. With the growing rapprochement between Russia and China, including joint war games and mutually supportive foreign policies, as well as Beijing’s increased aggressiveness towards America and its regional allies Japan and the Philippines, this omission leaves the United States at a distinct disadvantage.

Critics have maintained that even within the confines of the New START treaty itself, the United States has been placed at a disadvantage. Specific problem areas cited include tie-ins to missile defense capabilities, inadequate verification procedures, and Russia’s huge ten-to- one advantage in tactical nuclear weapons.

What Putin Learned

 The lesson Putin discerned from his success in gaining the upper hand in New START was that the Obama presidency was less than diligently concerned about defense-related matters. Another incident during the New START talks, in which Washington provided Moscow with British nuclear secrets, also convinced Putin that Obama would not be as protective of American allies as his predecessors.

These lessons guided Putin’s subsequent actions. Both the Russian president and his foreign minister, Segey Lavrov, came to the conclusion that the United States under Barack Obama was not a force to be concerned with under most circumstances.

“Indeed, President Obama, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize at the opening of his first term, said he was elected to ‘end wars, not to start them’…it is inconceivable Russia would have played its Ukraine hand in the same risky and confrontational way had its assessment of President Obama been different.”

“Give Peace a Chance”

Mr. Obama’s “Give Peace a Chance” policy was far more than mere words.

He withdrew U.S. forces from Iraq, and announced a withdrawal time table for Afghanistan. He did not respond with either military or even significant diplomatic options to China’s confiscation of Philippine offshore resources. He has won his attempts to slash defense spending, and he continues to advocate for unilateral nuclear reductions.

Significantly, as Moscow and Beijing engaged in massive upgrades in the size, quality, and technological sophistication of their armed forces, Washington’s response during the current administration has been to slash the U.S. military budget, dramatically altering the international balance of power.

The cuts could not have come at a more inappropriate moment. In response to the fall of the Soviet Union, American forces had been allowed to dwindle into a shadow of their former strength, with a Navy diminished from 600 ships to 284, an Army reduced from 17 divisions to 10, and an Air Force cut from 37 combat commands to 20. Much of the equipment remaining, particularly that of the Army, has been worn out from extensive use in Iraq and Afghanistan. The same can be said for personnel. Of particular note has been the overuse of National Guard forces.

The U.S. industrial infrastructure, which allowed the nation to serve as “The Arsenal of Democracy” since before the Second World War began, has also been diminished.  A prime example is the fact that America has only one plant left capable of building tanks, and the Obama Administration has repeatedly attempted to shut it down.

American military strength, despite having been mobilized and funded to fight the campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan, remained, in terms of major geopolitical threats, in the warm afterglow of a peace dividend bought about by the USSR’s demise, even after Moscow began returning to cold war status and Beijing became a superpower.

The result has been a growing and now dangerous imbalance in military strength between the developing affiliation of Russia, China, Iran and North Korea-a massive and contiguous axis covering a vast portion of both the landmass and population of the planet-and the increasingly underfunded militaries of both the United States and its allies.

As Russian forces invaded the Crimea, a Stratfor Global Intelligence report noted: “Fractured and burdened by its ongoing financial crisis and lacking unity on military issues, the European Union could find it difficult to counter Russian moves – whether they appear as financial incentives to the struggling states of central and eastern Europe or threats of armed conflict along the periphery. Looking into the future, the Ukraine crisis ultimately could test many of the core assumptions binding the EU – and the NATO alliance – together.”

The Report Continues Next Week

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US Surrenders Internet Control

The President has announced that the United States will surrender administrative control of the internet.  America loosely had jurisdiction over areas such as domain names, with the input of international concerns.

But for some time, a number of foreign governments, such as Russia, China and Iran have complained.  Those nations engage in censorship over their domestic internet users, and are angered when the citizens of other nations openly criticize them.  In 2012, they attempted to ram through measures that would allow chilling actions against free speech on the internet.

This is a terrible move by Mr. Obama, and it is being done without any good reason whatsoever.

In time, this will definitely lead to censorship and harassment by dictatorial regimes.

This latest act is part of a disturbing series of White House actions that are hostile to the First Amendment. As you may recall from just several weeks ago, the Obama Administration attempted to use the Federal Communications Commission to ram through a program that would have placed controlling federal bureaucrats in television, radio, newspaper and even internet newsrooms. The concept was a blatant violation of the First Amendment, and fortunately, enough noise was made so that the White House was forced to back off.

There are two extremely disturbing aspects to this entire censorship trend emanating from the Oval Office. The first, of course, is that an American president would ever be so disdainful of the most basic right held by the people.  The second is that it felt confident that it could get away with this Stalinist move.

In the case of FCC gambit, the news media realized its ox was being gored, and so they temporarily put aside their worshipful attitude towards Mr. Obama and actually acted like real news people.   In the threat to the internet, it remains to be seen whether they will do the same.

Many large news organizations, especially those on network television and those running major newspapers, have a distinct dislike of the independence and forthrightness of internet news sites.  Also, to be quite candid, they just don’t like the competition.  More and more news consumers are moving away from the traditional media to the more honest and less restricted sources found elsewhere.

Unlike the big media concerns that have abandoned journalistic ethics in their partisan support of the President, internet sites, along with talk radio, provide a more robust and far more thorough brand of reporting than can be found on TV or in newsprint.

These censorship moves would have been unthinkable in the past.  Why is there not more outrage on the part of our society? Have we become so desensitized to the constant attacks on our liberties, our rights, our very character as a free people that nothing shocks or angers us anymore?

We have been told by this White House that our Second Amendment rights must be limited.  We have been told that our Fourth Amendment right to privacy doesn’t exist.  The Ninth and Tenth Amendments have been made irrelevant by their actions.  Even the Constitutional separation of powers is viewed as an anachronism by a President who tells us he can’t be bothered waiting for Congress, that he has a pen and a phone that he can wield to further his unilateral agenda.

In plain English, this internet surrender, along with the FCC and other unlawful acts are an attempt by the President to attack those who disagree with it by finding a way to harass them out of business.  They must not be allowed to pass.

These recent actions by the Obama Administration concerning opening the door to internet censorship, tapping of reporter’s phones, as well as the assault on the Tea Party by the IRS, are scandals that would have, in the past, resulted in the end of a presidency.

 

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MINUTE

 

In his recent statement about Crimea, the President failed to respond in any meaningful way to Russia’s Ukrainian invasion. Announcing only a weak suite of minor sanctions, Mr. Obama completely failed to take any steps which would have had any impact on Putin’s decisions.

 

Obama did not announce a cessation of his relentless cuts to the U.S. military.  The weakened American armed forces no longer deter Moscow’s expansionism. He did not state that he would expand drilling for gas and oil on federal lands, to end the Kremlin’s blackmail hold on the European economy. He did not announce that America would announce its intention to lobby for the expulsion Russia from significant international organization.

 

By failing to state any of the above actions, Mr. Obama essentially green-lighted further aggression.

 

As unfortunate as it may be, the fact is that weakness has never deterred bullies, either in the schoolyard or on the word stage. The evidence is resoundingly clear that the President’s policies of appeasement and unilateral disarmament have failed completely.  Indeed, the planet is closer to devastatingly large international conflicts than it has been at any time since the end of the Second World War.

 

For the good of both America and world peace, The President needs to put his ego aside, admit his policies have failed, and restore America’s strength before it’s too late.  It is becoming too late quite rapidly.

Categories
NY Analysis

Obama Fails to Respond to Russian Ukranian Invasion

In his statement this morning, the President  failed to respond in any meaningful way to Russia’s Ukranian invasion.

Announcing only a weak suite of  minor sanctions, Mr. Obama completely failed to take any steps which would have had any impact on Putin’s decisions.

Obama did not announce a cessation of his relentless cuts to the U.S. military.  The weakened American armed forces no longer deter Moscow’s expansionism.

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He did not announce that America would announce its intention to lobby for the expulsion Russia from significant international organization.

By failing to state any of the above actions, Mr. Obama essentially greenlighted further aggression.

Categories
NY Analysis

What is President Obama’s Worldview?

What is the basis for Mr. Obama’s views on national security?  Indeed, what are those views? Five years into his presidency, the question still needs to be asked.

The President of the United States has extensive authority http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html to deal with foreign affairs http://www.examiner.com/article/america-s-foreign-policy-disasters?cid=db_articles and national security.  While he has wide latitude to pursue his goals (subject to the Senate’s consent role in treaties and the budgetary powers of Congress) most would agree that he at least owes both the legislative branch and the nation a thorough explanation of his worldview.

 

The New York Analysis reviewed Mr. Obama’s campaign statements, press conferences, speeches, the White House web site http://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-and-releases , and the statements of his national security advisor.

 

Beyond his general attempt to initiate a “reset” with Russia, which the Moscow Times describes as a “failure,” http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/obamas-doomed-reset/486998.html  and moving some naval forces from the Atlantic to the Pacific, there is an extraordinary paucity of specific policies for defense. Relations with Russia’s renewed cold war attitude, or China’shttp://www.examiner.com/article/china-s-hidden-military-budget

dramatically enlarged and technologically sophisticated military, or even the strategic military advances of  Iran and North Korea,http://www.examiner.com/article/north-korea-an-urgent-threat constitute a  deteriorating world security environment, but the White House has yet to change course, or even to pay significant attention, to developments that run counter to its  apparent desire to put international matters on the backburner.

 

As this edition goes to press, Russia has made threatening moves towards Ukraine, and has stationed tactical nuclear-capable weapons (ISKANDER missileshttp://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/16/us-russia-missiles-idUSBRE9BF0W020131216) on its European border.  Chinese warships have fired on Philippine fisherman in an area international law states belongs to Manila. Japan feels so threatened that political forces advocating n end to its peace constitution are gaining ground. Both Moscow and Beijing, along with North Korea and Iran are continuing their extraordinary strategic and tactical strategic arms buildup.

 

The threat to the U.S. may be even more local.  As noted in a recent report from the Center for Security Policy, http://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/2014/02/24/americas-provacative-weakness/  “A North Korean tramp steamer, the Chong Chon Gang, was intercepted in Panama last summer and discovered to have concealed in its hold surface-to-air missiles and other weaponry from Cuba.  The movement of the nuclear-capable SA-2 SAMs through Caribbean waters demonstrates Pyongyang’s inherent capability to use such ship-borne weapons as launch vehicles for a potentially devastating electromagnetic pulse (EMP)  attack on our electric grid.”

 

Against this backdrop, the Obama Administration continues its advocacy of a major downsizing of the U.S. military.  As noted by the Council on Foreign Relations, the President proposes continuous reductions of military spending for the next decade, when it will account for 2.4% of GDP, the lowest in the post World War 2 era. http://www.cfr.org/defense-budget/trends-us-military-spending/p28855 Some of those who have been close to the President on this issue, including former Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, have been sharply critical of his general attitude towards the military. http://www.amazon.com/Duty-Memoirs-Secretary-at-War-ebook/dp/B00F8F3J2S

 

 

The President’s attempt to “Reset” relations with Russia was the early centerpiece of his foreign and defense policies.

 

Writing in the Moscow Times, Sergei Karagonov opined on what he believes is the flawed concept of Mr. Obama’s reset, even from the Russian perspective: (the perspective of American critics is that it gave too much to Russia without gaining anything substantive in return) “…the U.S. proposed nuclear weapons reductions as th primary mechanism of the diplomatic reset…But progress soon stalled with Russia rejecting U.S. proposals…In the hope of breaking the deadlock, Obama signaled his willingness to compromise.  But Putin had little reason to reciprocate, not least because agreement on the issue would have opened the door to further nuclear arms reductions. Moreover, members of Russia’s military and political elite hoped to use some of the country’s oil revenues to deploy a new generation of ICBMs…By focusing on nuclear disarmament and new START, Obama’s reset strategy remilitarized the U.S.-Russia relationship while marginalizing issues that could have reoriented bilateral ties toward the future.  In this sense, the initiative was doomed from the start, and the whole world has suffered as a result.” http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/obamas-doomed-reset/486998.html

 

 

What is manifestly evident is Mr. Obama’s desire to downsize of the U.S. military, regardless of external factors.

 

Indeed, Despite the reduction of defense spending levels as a percent of the GDP and the federal budget to historic low points, and rising, dangerous threats from abroad, the U.S. military is being asked to absorb massive new cuts.

 

America’s armed forces have been sharply reduced, as outlined by Rep. Randy Forbes http://forbes.house.gov/news/documentprint.aspx?DocumentID=254787

 

Compromising Defense

The U.S. has a shrinking force.

·         In 1990, the U.S. had a 546-ship Navy; today we have 285.
·         The U.S. had 76 Army brigades in 1990; today we have 45.
·         Two decades ago the Air Force had twice as many fighter squadrons and bombers as today.
·         China now has more ships in their Navy than the U.S. has in its Navy.

The U.S. has an aging force.

·         Navy ships and light attack vehicles, on average, were built 20 years ago.
·         Bombers average 34 years in age. Our tankers are nearly 50 years old.

The U.S. has a strained force.

·         In the last four years inspection failures for Navy ships have nearly tripled.
·         1 in 5 ships inspected is either unfit for combat or severely degraded.
·         A majority of the Navy’s deployed aircraft are unable to accomplish all of their assigned missions.
·         We already have a $367 million in needed repairs to our ships.
·         Marine Corps stockpiles of critical equipment such as radios, small arms and generators face severe shortages.
·         Over a third of Active Army units do not have sufficient personnel to perform their missions.
·         Army needs $25 billion to reset its force right now.
·         Marines need $12 billion to reset its force right now.

Our nation’s top brass have said our military cannot sustain deep defense cuts.

Some components of the Air Force “are right at the ragged edge.”
Proposed cuts would result in a “fundamental restructure of what it is our nation expects from our Air Force.” General Philip Breedlove, Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force

Deep cuts would lead to “fundamental changes” in the capability of our Marine Corps. General Joseph Dunford, Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps

The Army cannot meet all of the current, validated needs of commanders on the ground.
General Peter Chiarelli, Vice Chief of Staff of the Army

“I can’t see how we can sustain this pace of operations indefinitely and meet our readiness standards.” To meet unconstrained combatant commander demands, “I’d need, doing some analysis, about 400 ships. I have 285 ships today.” Admiral Jonathan Greenert, Vice Chief of Naval Operations

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Other elected officials and defense officials have also noted that U.S. armed forces have already endured significant budget cuts.  Much of the military equipment that remains has been worn down through years of fighting in the Middle East and Afghanistan. Key parts of the nation’s conventional and nuclear arsenals are old enough to be considered antiques, with some pilots flying the same aircraft their grandfathers flew.  Unlike other nuclear powers, America has not modernized its strategic arsenal in decades.  For budgetary reasons, the nation may reduce its first line of maritime defense, aircraft carriers, to a level below what is truly vital. Command and control functions once thought invulnerable are now subject to destruction.

 

The proposed cuts www.defense.gov/newsarticle.aspx?id=121703 are based on the assumption that the U.S. will not be involved in any significant altercations in the near future. Critics note that this is similar to cutting back a local fire department on the premise that there would be fewer fires. Sydney Freeburg, writing in Breaking Defense, quotes General McMaster’s criticism that America can’t merely “opt out” of certain kinds of conflict.

 

The cuts would reduce the army to its smallest size since before World War II. It would eliminate one of the Air Force’s most useful weapons, the A10 Warthog, which Congress has said recently said was too crucial to lose. http://defensetech.org/2013/12/13/bill-blocks-air-force-from-retiring-a-10-warthog/

 

Despite the significant history of personnel injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, the new ground combat vehicle program http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/44044-GCV.pdf would be cancelled.

 

The number of active duty soldiers would be reduced to the lowest point (approximately 440,000) in three-quarters of a century. The National Guard would also be reduced by 10,000 to 195,000. The Navy would see fully half of its 22 cruisers placed into mothballs. Littoral combat ships would be reduced from 52 to 32. There would be an undisclosed number of base closures, as well. The Marines would be reduced by about 4%.Special forces would grow by about 4,000 personnel, and the cuts in research and development would be halted.

 

 

There would be significant disincentives http://thehill.com/blogs/defcon-hill/budget-appropriations/199050-hagel-unveils-basics-of-2015-defense-budget-request for those enlisted in the military to remain, or those thinking of enlisting to join. Cuts would be made in housing allowances, reimbursement for renters insurance, and commissary subsidiaries. There would be cuts to health benefits, lowered future increases in salaries, and a freeze in pay for senior officers.

 

 

All this is occurring as China and Russia astronomically increase their defense spending, and deploy technology that in some cases exceeds that of the U.S. The risk of an attack is actually greater than it was during the cold war, due to the growing ICBM and nuclear technology of Iran and North Korea, as well as Beijing’s increased aggressiveness and confidence.

 

The system of alliances that helped discourage a world war has been weakened, as Washington’s relations with allied nations in Europe and Asia are increasingly strained. In Latin America, several governments are openly hostile to the United States, and have invited increased Iranian, Russian and Chinese commercial and military interests to play a larger role within their borders.

 

The fact that this is occurring while America’s adversaries are increasing their militaries could be described as a move towards a partial unilateral disarmament. Mr. Obama’s recent comments that he wished to reduce America’s nuclear arsenal, without a reciprocal requirement from other atomic powers, gives credence to this view.

 

 

Since Mr. Obama has not explicitly shared his perspective on national security, the public must examine his actions and attempt to glean from them his views.

 

Contrary to all evidence, including Moscow’s extraordinary military buildup, its development of new nuclear missiles, its growing naval power, its re-development of cold war bases around the world, its return to cold war strategic patrols off America’s coasts and Putin’s aggressive statements, the President clings to the “reset” policy that he and former Secretary of State Clinton proclaimed in 2009 that essentially declares Russia to be a non-problem.

 

Similarly, the President has largely chosen to ignore China’s unprecedented military buildup in size and technological sophistication, the aggressive comments of its military leaders, its cyber-attacks and intensive espionage on U.S. soil, and most importantly, its assaults on U.S. allies such as Japan and the Philippines, other than redeploying some ships from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

 

Attempting to balance the US budget through military cuts is, ultimately, a doomed policy.  defense costs makes up, on average, less than 19% of Washington spending https://www.cbo.gov/topics/national-security/defense-budget, and substantial reductions have already been made; as noted by the Council on Foreign Relations, http://www.cfr.org/defense-budget/trends-us-military-spending/p28855 the reduction in 2012, from $711 billion to $668 billion was, in dollar terms, “the largest decline since 1991.” That was shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union and before the rise of Russian militarism under Putin.

 

The President appears to truly believe that there is no current or immediately prospective significant threat to the national security of the United States or its key allies.  Given that perspective, it is not surprising that he has slashed the Pentagon’s budget.  Unfortunately, every shred of empirical evidence directly and overwhelmingly contradicts Mr. Obama’s worldview.

 

The President’s lack of attention to this most vital area and his lack of clarity and candor with the public is deeply disturbing.

 

 

Threat Assessment

Against a backdrop of quickly deteriorating global relations both between Washington and other governments, and rapidly escalating tensions between nations across the globe, James R, Clapper, the Director of National Intelligence, has recently testified to the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence.  

 

From the streets of the Ukraine to the waters surrounding Japan and thePhilippines where the potential for combat is ever-present, the world teeters on the edge of a scale of warfare not seen since 1945.

The people of Israel feel a sense of dread not equaled since the defeat of Nazi Germany. The Taliban is preparing to retake Afghanistan, and al Qaedacontrols more territory than ever in the Middle East.

 

Moscow is violating arms agreements without any serious discussion of penalty from the White House, as Putin develops a military even more powerful than it possessed during the Cold War.  China has devoted its vast riches to the construction of an armed force larger in size than any other nations’, with high-tech weapons that in many cases surpass our own.

 

INorth Korea, people are subjected to a level of atrocities not seen since the concentration camps of the 1940s, as their government continues to rapidly build nuclear weapons and ICBMS capable of delivering them to American soil.

 

Parts of Latin America are suffering under despotic regimes that repress their own citizens and openly call the United States their enemy.  These governments have opened their doors to the militaries and intelligence services of Iran, China, and Russia.

 

Several nations that formerly were allied in interest with Washington, such as Egypt  and Turkey, are now looking towards America’s enemies for arms deals.

 

CIA Camel A U.S. Marine Corps mine-resistant, ambush-protected vehicle provides security in the Now Zad district in Afghanistan’s Helmand province, Feb. 16, 2014. The vehicle is assigned to the 3rd Battalion, 7th Marine Regiment. The unit supported Afghan forces conducting an operation in the area. U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Sean Searfus


Excepts from

The Remarks of National Intelligence Director

James R. Clapper

to the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence

on the 2014 Worldwide Threat Assessment

Clapper’s remarks

“I’ve not experienced a time when we have been beset by more crises and threats around the globe.

 

“My list is long. It includes the scourge and diversification of terrorism, loosely connected and globally dispersed, to include here at home, as exemplified by the Boston Marathon bombing; the sectarian war in Syria, its attraction as a growing center of radical extremism and the potential threat this poses to the homeland.

 

“Let me briefly expand on this point. The strength of the insurgency in Syria is now estimated at somewhere between 75 or 80,000 or up to 110 to 115,000 insurgents, who are organized into more than 1,500 groups of widely varying political leanings.

 

“Three of the most effective are the Al-Nusrah Front, Ansar Al- Sham, and the Islamic State of Iraq in the Levant, or ISIL, as it’s known, who total about 26,000 insurgents. Complicating this further are the 7,500 or so foreign fighters from some 50 countries who have gravitated to Syria. Among them are a small group of Af-Pak Al Qaida veterans who have the aspirations for external attack in Europe, if not the homeland.

 

“And there are many other crises and threats around the globe, to include the spillover of the Syria conflict into neighboring Lebanon and Iraq; the destabilizing flood of refugees in Jordan, Turkey and Lebanon, now about 2.5 million people, a symptom of one of the largest humanitarian disasters in a decade; the implications of the drawdown in Afghanistan; the deteriorating internal security posture in Iraq, with AQI now in control of Fallujah; the growth of foreign cyber capabilities, nation- states and non-nations states as well; the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction; aggressive nation-state intelligence efforts against us; an assertive Russia; a competitive China; a dangerous, unpredictable North Korea; a challenging Iran; lingering ethnic divisions in the Balkans; perpetual conflict and extremism in Africa, in Mali, Nigeria, the Central African Republic, and in South Sudan; violent political struggles in, among others, the Ukraine, Burma, Thailand, and Bangladesh; the specter of mass atrocities; the increasing stress of burgeoning populations; the urgent demands for energy, water and food; the increasing sophistication of transnational crime; the tragedy and magnitude of human trafficking; the insidious rot of invented synthetic drugs; potential for pandemic diseases occasioned by the growth of drug resistant bacteria.

 

“I could go on with this litany, but suffice to say that we live in a complex, dangerous world…

 

“My second topic is what has consumed extraordinary time and energy for much of the past year in the intelligence community, in the Congress, in the White House, and, of course, in the public square.

 

“I’m speaking, of course, about potentially the most massive and most damaging theft of intelligence information in our history by Edward Snowden, and the ensuing avalanche of revelations published and broadcast around the world. I won’t dwell on the debate about Snowden’s motives or his legal standing or on the supreme ironies occasioned by his choice of freedom-loving nations and beacons of free expression to which he fled and from which he rails about what an Orwellian state he thinks this country has become.

 

“But what I do want to speak to, as the nation’s senior intelligence officer, is the profound damage that his disclosures have caused and will continue to cause. And, as a consequence, in my view, this nation is less safe and its people less secure.

What Snowden has stolen and exposed has gone way, way beyond his professed concerns with so-called domestic surveillance programs. As a result, we’ve lost critical foreign intelligence collections sources, including some shared with us by valued partners.

 

“Terrorists and other adversaries of this country are going to school on U.S. intelligence sources, methods and trade craft. And the insights that they are gaining are making our jobs much, much harder. And this includes putting — putting the lives of members or assets of the intelligence community at risk, as well as our armed forces, diplomats and our citizens.

We’re beginning to see changes in the communications behavior of adversaries, particularly terrorists, a disturbing trend that I anticipate will continue. Snowden, for his part, claims that he’s won and that his mission is accomplished. If that’s so, I call on him and his accomplices to facilitate the return of the remaining stolen documents that have not yet been exposed, to prevent even more damage to U.S. security.

 

“As a third, and related point, I want to comment on the ensuing fallout. It pains me greatly that the National Security Agency and its magnificent workforce have been pilloried in public commentary…

 

“As I and other leaders in the community have said many times, NSA’s job is not to target the e-mails and phone calls of U.S. citizens. The agency does collect foreign intelligence, the whole reason that NSA has existed since 1952, performing critical missions that I’m sure the American people wanted to carry out.

 

“Moreover, the effects of the unauthorized disclosures hurt the entire Intelligence Community, not just NSA. Critical intelligence capabilities in which the United States has invested billions of dollars are at risk or likely to be curtailed or eliminated either because of compromise or conscious decision. Moreover, the impact of the losses caused by the disclosures will be amplified by the substantial budget cuts we’re incurring.

 

“The stark consequences of this perfect storm are plainly evident. The Intelligence Community is going to have less capacity to protect our nation and its allies than we’ve had. In this connection, I am also compelled to note, as did Ranking Member Ruppersberger, the negative morale impact this perfect storm has had on the I.C. workforce, which were compounded by sequestration, furloughs, the shutdown and salary freezes.

 

“This leads me to my fourth point: We are thus faced collectively — and by collectively I mean this committee, the Congress at large, the executive branch, and, most acutely, all of us in the intelligence community — with the inescapable imperative to accept more risk. It’s a plain hard fact and a circumstance that the community must, and will, manage, together with you and with those we support in the executive branch.

 

“But if dealing with reduced capabilities is what we — is needed to ensure the faith and confidence of the American people and their elected representatives, then we in the intelligence community will work as hard as we can to meet the expectations before us.

 

“And that brings me to my fifth and final point: The major takeaway for us, and certainly for me from the past several months is that we must lean in the direction of transparency wherever and whenever we can. With greater transparency about these intelligence programs, the American people may be more likely to accept them…”

 

 U.S. Force train Afghan police (DoD photo)

 

WHAT IS THE PRESIDENT’S WORLDVIEW? 

 

As the planet becomes far more dangerous, the U.S. military continues to shrink.

While all this occurs, Secretary of State John Kerry proclaims that global warming is his main concern.

 

The time has long passed for highly important and urgently appropriate questions about the Obama Administration’s foreign policy strategy and goals, as well as its vision of America’s international role.

There are two salient issues involved.  The first is the incredible deterioration of international relations during Obama’s tenure. The second is the complete failure of the President to share with the American people his worldview. Since his election, Mr. Obama has been exceptionally hesitant to explain his worldview. He has commented about foreign affairs far less, in speeches, press conferences, and state of the union addresses than his predecessor.

 

Critics have raised serious questions about the priorities of a President who rushes to ouster an Egyptian regime that was friendly to the U.S., and a Libyan regime that was fighting al Qaeda, but does nothing of substance to assist Iranian dissidents who are seeking to reform the Tehran government, or to assist Cuban political prisoners, or those seeking to restore democracy in Venezuela, or Ukrainians seeking to avoid a Kremlin takeover.

 

There has been a noticeable lack of communications from the Oval Office of the President, or the State Department under Hillary Clinton and John Kerry, about what direction they are steering this nation in, and why there has been no discussion of this Administration’s intentions.

 

What is the basis for Mr. Obama’s views on national security?  Indeed, what are those views? Five years into his presidency, the question still needs to be asked.

 

The President of the United States has extensive authority to deal with foreign affairs  and national security.  While he has wide latitude to pursue his goals (subject to the Senate’s consent role in treaties and the budgetary powers of Congress) most would agree that he at least owes both the legislative branch and the nation a thorough explanation of his worldview.

 

The New York Analysis reviewed Mr. Obama’s campaign statements, press conferences, speeches, the White House web site, and the statements of his national security advisor.

 

Beyond his general attempt to initiate a “reset” with Russia, which the Moscow Times describes as a “failure,”   and moving some naval forces from the Atlantic to the Pacific, there is an extraordinary paucity of specific policies for defense. There has been no publicly stated policy to deal with an era when Russia has a renewed cold war attitude, China has a dramatically enlarged and technologically sophisticated military, and Iran and North Korea continue to make strategic weapons advances. The White House has, as far as can be discerned, yet to  pay significant attention to developments that run counter to its  apparent desire to put international matters on the backburner.

As this edition goes to press, Russia has made threatening moves towards Ukraine, and has stationed tactical nuclear-capable weapons (ISKANDERmissiles)  on its European border.  Chinese warships have fired on Philippine fisherman in an area international law states belongs to Manila. Japan feels so threatened that political forces advocating an end to its peace constitution are gaining ground. Both Moscow and Beijing, along with North Korea and Iran are continuing their extraordinary strategic and tactical strategic arms buildup.

The threat to the U.S. may be even more local.  As noted in a recent report from the Center for Security Policy,  “A North Korean tramp steamer, the Chong Chon Gang, was intercepted in Panama last summer and discovered to have concealed in its hold surface-to-air missiles and other weaponry from Cuba.  The movement of the nuclear-capable SA-2 SAMs through Caribbean waters demonstrates Pyongyang’s inherent capability to use such ship-borne weapons as launch vehicles for a potentially devastating electromagnetic pulse (EMP)  attack on our electric grid.”

 

Against this backdrop, the Obama Administration continues its advocacy of a major downsizing of the U.S. military.  As noted by the Council on Foreign Relations, the President proposes continuous reductions of military spending for the next decade, when it will account for 2.4% of GDP, the lowest in the post World War 2 era.  Some of those who have been close to the President on this issue, including former Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, have been sharply critical of his general attitude towards the military.

 

The President’s attempt to “Reset” relations with Russia was the early centerpiece of his foreign and defense policies.

Writing in the Moscow Times, Sergei Karagonov opined on what he believes is the flawed concept of Mr. Obama’s reset, even from the Russian perspective: (the perspective of American critics is that it gave too much to Russia without gaining anything substantive in return) “…the U.S. proposed nuclear weapons reductions as th primary mechanism of the diplomatic reset…But progress soon stalled with Russia rejecting U.S. proposals…In the hope of breaking the deadlock, Obama signaled his willingness to compromise.  But Putin had little reason to reciprocate, not least because agreement on the issue would have opened the door to further nuclear arms reductions. Moreover, members of Russia’s military and political elite hoped to use some of the country’s oil revenues to deploy a new generation of ICBMs…By focusing on nuclear disarmament and new START, Obama’s reset strategy remilitarized the U.S.-Russia relationship while marginalizing issues that could have reoriented bilateral ties toward the future.  In this sense, the initiative was doomed from the start, and the whole world has suffered as a result.”

 

 

 

U.S. B-52 bomber, a mainstay of the strategic and tactical strategy of the Air Force.

Thes planes are so old the grandfathers of current USAF pilots flew the same aircraft. (USAF photo)

 

What is manifestly evident is Mr. Obama’s desire to downsize of the U.S. military, regardless of external factors.

 

Indeed, Despite the reduction of defense spending levels as a percent of the GDP and the federal budget to historic low points, and rising, dangerous threats from abroad, the U.S. military is being asked to absorb massive new cuts.

America’s armed forces have been sharply reduced, as outlined by Rep. Randy Forbes (R-VA)

 

 

           In 1990, the U.S. had a 546-ship Navy; today we have 285. 

·         The U.S. had 76 Army brigades in 1990; today we have 45. 

·         Two decades ago the Air Force had twice as many fighter squadrons and bombers as today. 

·         China now has more ships in their Navy than the U.S. has in its Navy.

 

The U.S. has an aging force.

·         Navy ships and light attack vehicles, on average, were built 20 years ago.
·         Bombers average 34 years in age. Our tankers are nearly 50 years old. 

The U.S. has a strained force.

·         In the last four years inspection failures for Navy ships have nearly tripled.
·         1 in 5 ships inspected is either unfit for combat or severely degraded.
·         A majority of the Navy’s deployed aircraft are unable to accomplish all of their assigned missions.
·         We already have a $367 million in needed repairs to our ships.
·         Marine Corps stockpiles of critical equipment such as radios, small arms and generators face severe shortages.
·         Over a third of Active Army units do not have sufficient personnel to perform their missions.
·         Army needs $25 billion to reset its force right now.
·         Marines need $12 billion to reset its force right now.

 

Our nation’s top brass have said our military cannot sustain deep defense cuts:

Some components of the Air Force “are right at the ragged edge.”
Proposed cuts would result in a “fundamental restructure of what it is our nation expects from our Air Force.” General Philip Breedlove, Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force

Deep cuts would lead to “fundamental changes” in the capability of our Marine Corps. General Joseph Dunford, Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps

The Army cannot meet all of the current, validated needs of commanders on the ground.
General Peter Chiarelli, Vice Chief of Staff of the Army

“I can’t see how we can sustain this pace of operations indefinitely and meet our readiness standards.” To meet unconstrained combatant commander demands, “I’d need, doing some analysis, about 400 ships. I have 285 ships today.” Admiral Jonathan Greenert, Vice Chief of Nava

Categories
NY Analysis

FCC vs. The First Amendment?

FCC

In what may be one of the most controversial programs ever initiated by a federal agency, the Federal Communications Commission is about to commence a research effort entitled “critical information needs” (known as CIN) involving Washington oversight of broadcasters and journalists throughout America. It would place government employees in the private internal conversations and meetings of journalists, media organizations, and even internet sites.

 

According to the FCC, the effort is designed to address three core questions:

“1. How do Americans meet critical information needs?

2. How does the media ecosystem operate to address critical information needs?

3. What barriers exist in providing content and services to address critical information needs?”

_________________________________________________________

According to the FCC summary:

 

 “The goal of the review specifically was to summarize research on the diversity of views available to local communities, on the diversity of sources in local markets, the definition of a range of critical information needs of the American public, how they are acquired as well as the barriers to acquisition. Having considered multiple frames of reference that take into account current conditions and trends, we identify existing knowledge and gaps in information. This research points to the importance of considering multiple dimensions and interactions within and across local communication ecologies rather than focusing on single platforms or categories of owners. The converging media environment together with demographic trends and evolving variations in communities of interests and culture among the American public require a more complex understanding of these dynamics as well as of the populations affected by them, in order to effectively identify and eliminate barriers to market entry and promote diversity…

 

“Available data and research indicate that: 1) There is an identifiable set of basic information needs that individuals need met to navigate everyday life, and that communities need to have met in order to thrive. While fundamental in nature, these needs are not static but rather subject to redefinition by changing technologies, economic status and demographic shifts. 2) Low-income and some minority and marginalized communities within metropolitan and rural areas and areas that are “lower-information” areas are likely to be systematically disadvantaged in both personal and community opportunities when information needs lag or go unmet.

3) Information goods are public goods; the failure to provide them is, in part, a market failure. But carefully crafted public policy can address gaps in information goods provision.”

__________________________________________________________

 

The breadth of what’s covered is a comprehensive list of what the public sees, hears, reads, or surfs.  It includes television and radio broadcast content, articles printed in daily and weekly newspapers, and even what’s placed on line on the internet.  In addition, a so-called “qualitative analysis of media providers” would be included.

 

Many observers are deeply concerned about the concept of a government agency making value judgments about news reporting, particularly in cases where those news items may be critical of the very government that is engaged in such oversight.

 

Worried First Amendment advocates and journalists who have expressed opposition to President Obama’s policies see this as an attempt to use the Federal Communications Commission to intimidate broadcasters and news writers in much the same way his Administration has been accused of using the Internal Revenue Service to attack opposing political groups such as the Tea Party.

Work on the concept began in 2012.  The Annenberg School of Communication, which according to a study by the conservative-orientedBreitbart news agency is operated by the “same entity that employed both Barack Obama and domestic terrorist William Ayers in Chicago in the late 1990s and early 2000s,” carried out the initial research.

The Social Solutions International Corporation was then retained by the FCC to organize a study and a final report, which was issued in April 2013.

 

Social Solutions International defines itself as “a research and evaluation firm dedicated to the creation of positive change for underserved populations. Our work touches those in our community and in countries worldwide. We are a mission-driven organization that believes that superior science can improve the world.”

 

Among the items the Social Solutions Corporations is reviewing:

  •  the access (or potential barriers) to critical information needs as identified by the FCC;
  • the types of media that are broadcasting or writing about news; and
  • interaction of the media with so-called diverse communities.

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This spring, field testing of the concept will begin.

This effort is so unusual that that even some within the Federal Communications Commission are crying foul. In a recent Wall Street Journal guest article by FCC Commissioner Ajit Pai that is credited with bringing widespread attention to the issue, Commissioner Pai expressed his concern that this was an attempt to pressure media organizations into providing overage according to the whims of the government.

 

The FCC claims that the effort is to insure that listeners, viewers or readers get information bureaucrats consider crucial. The effort is billed as being “voluntary,” but the implication is clear: those refusing to comply could be in jeopardy of not having their broadcasting licenses renewed, or be subjected, in the case of print or internet organizations, to other harassing actions.

The FCC also claims that it wants to “eliminate barriers” for others, including small and minority businesses, to enter into the news field.  Commissioner Pai notes that this claim is peculiar. How can the news judgments made by editors and station managers impede small businesses from entering the broadcast industry? And why does the CIN study include newspapers when the FCC has no authority to regulate print media?

There are significant questions about what the FCC is attempting to do.  There are no barriers, or even much cost, to placing your views on the internet.  What possible excuse could Washington have to attempt to intervene in this process?

Opponents say the entire concept is overtly unconstitutional.  In the past, there were programs, such as the Fairness Doctrine, which mandated broadcast outlets to give equal time to opposing sides.  That idea, they maintain, died a well-deserved death. The CIN concept is markedly different from the Fairness Doctrine, which did pass Supreme Court review.

 

For the first time, it opens the door to allowing the federal government to directly intervene in the news process, and to establish a basis to affect news content on television, radio, in newspapers, magazines, and, remarkably, even on the internet.

 

There appears to be ample reason for First Amendment advocates to be deeply concerned.

 

LETTER FROM THE HOUSE ENERGY & COMMERCE COMMITTEE LEADERSHIP TO FCC CHAIRMAN TOM WHEELER ON THE

CRITICAL INFORMATION NEEDS PROGRAM

 

December 10, 2013

   

Proposed field study shows “startling disregard” for freedom of the press – “It is wrong, it is unconstitutional, and we urge you to put a stop to this”

 

WASHINGTON, DC – House Energy and Commerce Committee leaders, along with every Republican member of the Communications and Technology Subcommittee, [on December 10] wrote to FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler urging him to suspend the Federal Communications Commission’s efforts to conduct a field study that could lead to a revival of the Fairness Doctrine. Members cited similar concerns with respect to the original Fairness Doctrine and committee leaders urged then FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski to remove the statute from the Code of Federal Regulations in 2011. The doctrine was eliminated in August 2011.

 

“Given the widespread calls for the commission to respect the First Amendment and stay out of the editorial decisions of reporters and broadcasters, we were shocked to see that the FCC is putting itself back in the business of attempting to control the political speech of journalists. It is wrong, it is unconstitutional, and we urge you to put a stop to this most recent attempt to engage the FCC as the ‘news police,'” wrote the members. “The commission has no business probing the news media’s editorial judgment and expertise, nor does it have any business in prescribing a set diet of ‘critical information.’ These goals are plainly inappropriate and are at bottom an incursion by the government into the constitutionally protected operations of the professional news media.”

 

The members concluded, “The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is the beacon of freedom that makes the United States unique among the world’s nations.  We urge you to take immediate steps to suspend this effort and find ways that are consistent with the Communications Act and the Constitution to serve the commission’s statutory responsibilities.”

 

The letter was signed by the following members:

 

Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman Fred Upton (R-MI)
Energy and Commerce Committee Vice Chairman Marsha Blackburn (R-TN)
Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman Emeritus Joe Barton (R-TX)
Communications and Technology Subcommittee Chairman Greg Walden (R-OR)
Communications and Technology Subcommittee Vice Chairman Bob Latta (R-OH)
Rep. John Shimkus (R-IL)
Rep. Lee Terry (R-NE)
Rep. Mike Rogers (R-MI)
Rep. Steve Scalise (R-LA)
Rep. Leonard Lance (R-NJ)
Rep. Brett Guthrie (R-KY)
Rep. Cory Gardner (R-CO)
Rep. Mike Pompeo (R-KS)
Rep. Adam Kinzinger (R-IL)
Rep. Billy Long (R-MO)
Rep. Renee Ellmers (R-NC)

Categories
NY Analysis

WNtions Seek Defense vs. Asteroids

The end of the world may be postponed, thanks to an international meeting that took place in January.

The Space Mission Planning and Advisory Group (SMPAG) http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Operations/Space_Situational_Awareness/Getting_ready_for_asteroids met in a forum hosted by the European Space Agency http://www.esa.int/ESA  to determine how best to protect our planet from a catastrophic asteroid strike.  Its specific mission is to coordinate expertise and capabilities for missions aimed at countering asteroids that might one day strike Earth.

SMPAG was formed by the United Nation’s Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space to develop a strategy on how to react to a future extraterrestrial collision. It will coordinate with space agencies across the world to develop a strategy in response to a collision between Earth and an impact with an extraterrestrial object.

According to the Association of Space Explorers Committee on Near Earth Objects, http://www.space-explorers.org/committees/NEO/2013/ASE_NEO_Defense.pdf “Asteroid impacts—an ongoing cosmic and geological process—have dramatically altered the course of life on Earth. A rogue asteroid will certainly strike Earth in the future, and such impacts pose a global threat to human life and society. Search efforts to date have discovered scarcely 1% of potentially hazardous near-Earth objects (NEOs). Current telescopes were unable to warn us of the Feb. 2013 Chelyabinsk impact, which released 440 kilotons of explosive energy and injured more than a thousand people. Because near-Earth asteroid searches have focused almost exclusively on large objects with global destructive potential, 99% of the objects big enough to level a major metropolitan area remain undiscovered. As technology improves and hundreds of thousands of new asteroids are found, the global community will likely be confronted by one posing a worryingly high probability of striking Earth.”

 

The U.N. has been discussing the issue for approximately 14 years, beginning in 1995 when it’s Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) met in New York to bring the issue to the attention of member states.  In 2001, “Action Team 14” was established to improve international coordination of activities related to near-Earth objects.

Recommendations of the Action Team on Near-Earth Objects for an

international response to the near-Earth object impact threat http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/misc/2013/at-14/at14-handoutE.pdf

 

Introduction

 

Given the global consequences of a NEO impact and the enormous resources

required to prevent a collision, the UN has been seen as the forum to coordinate such

efforts. In 1995, the United Nations International Conference on Near Earth Objects

was held at UN Headquarters in New York. The Conference, organized by United

Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA), sensitised Member States to the

potential threat of NEOs and proposed an expansion of existing observation

campaigns to detect and track NEOs.

 

The Action Team on Near-Earth Objects (Action Team 14) was established in

2001 by the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space

(COPUOS), in response to recommendation 14 of the Third United Nations

Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNISPACE III)

that was held in Vienna in 1999, to improve international coordination of activities

related to near-Earth objects. Sergio Camacho, a former UNOOSA Director currently

serves as the Chair of AT-14.

 

The Action Team has been mandated to:

(a) Review the content, structure and organization of ongoing efforts in

the field of near-Earth objects (NEOs);

(b) Identify any gaps in the ongoing work where additional coordination is

required and/or where other countries or organizations could make contributions;

(c) Propose steps for the improvement of international coordination in

collaboration with specialized bodies.

 

The Action Team based its recommendations on the fact that many expert groups and

assets needed for this issue already exist. It recommends the formation of a warning

network and two advisory groups: an International Asteroid Warning Network

(IAWN), a Space Missions Planning Advisory Group (SMPAG – pronounce ‘same

page’), and an Impact Disaster Planning Advisory Group (IDPAG).

 

The warning network

 

The IAWN would be a network of experts which would focus on discovery, tracking,

and the observation of NEOs. The goal would be to find objects as early as possible.

Observations are processed and orbit predictions and any potential impact warnings

are generated. The IAWN would also prepare public communications. In case of a

credible impact threat, IAWN would ensure that more information on these objects is

gathered expeditiously. IAWN would then also inform COPUOS and the Office of

 

 

Office for Outer Space Affairs, United Nations Office at Vienna, Wagramerstrasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria

Tel. (+43-1) 26060-0, Fax (+43-1) 26060-5830, www.unoosa.org

The best ways to combat low body image is working out regularly and have a sildenafil without prescription balanced diet. Some other significant pills included in this herbal buy generic viagra https://unica-web.com/films2007.xls supplement. Drinking alcohol and cigarettes smoking must be cheapest brand cialis fend off for safe treatment. The problem is these companies don’t viagra pfizer seem to be great for the treatment of impotency. Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA). The IAWN would consist of observers,

astrodynamics experts, experts working on the characterization of asteroids and

modelling. No formal ‘group’ is needed, it is a network of existing experts and assets.

A steering group is proposed as a focus point for the IAWN. COPUOS would receive

yearly summary reports from the IAWN.

 

The advisory groups

 

The IDPAG would have as tasks to review lessons learned from other large-scale

disasters, prepare coordinated response plans and exercises to address both predicted

and unpredicted impact disasters. It would recommend and promote research related

to the topic. It would develop representative timelines and procedures for evacuations.

It is proposed that the IDPAG is formed by representatives of existing national and

international disaster response agencies. Its organisation would be initiated by the

IAWN and could be coordinated with other relevant international and national entities

(e.g. UN-SPIDER, UN-ISDR, OCHA)1

.

 

The SMPAG would combine the expertise of space-faring nations. It would

recommend and promote mitigation mission-related research and studies on an

international and cooperative level. It would develop and adopt a set of reference

missions. It would develop technical concepts and propose operational setups. It

would also develop applicable decision criteria and timelines. The SMPAG would be

a group of voluntary representatives of space-faring nations. The group would call on

support by technical experts and other relevant entities as needed. It would provide a

yearly summary report to COPUOS.

 

Response to a credible impact threat

 

In the case of an actual credible impact threat, the IAWN would provide all available

information and updates to COPUOS through the UN Office of Outer Space Affairs.

The IDPAG would work with disaster response groups in nations that would be

affected to prepare and coordinate civil protection plans. The SMPAG would

coordinate the space mission planning among space-capable nations. It is suggested

that COPUOS may choose to appoint an ad-hoc mitigation advisory group to work

together with the response teams.

 

 

It was a vast space-borne rock that plummeted into the Yucatan and wiped out the dinosaurs http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/147978-finally-confirmed-an-asteroid-wiped-out-the-dinosaurs  many millennia ago. There is no doubt that Earth will be the target of another such hit some time in the future—and that future can be anywhere from a few years to a few centuries from now.

Even much smaller asteroids could have a devastating impact, wiping out an entire city in a single blow.  The danger is real, and affects every nation on the globe.

NASA’s Near Earth Object (NEO) http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/#purpose Program has spearheaded this area of space research, working to detect, track and characterize potentially hazardous asteroids and comets that could approach the Earth. With over 90% of the near-Earth objects larger than one kilometer already discovered, the NEO Program is now focusing on finding 90% of the NEO population larger than 140 meters. In addition to managing the detection and cataloging of Near-Earth objects, the NEO Program office is responsible for facilitating communications between the astronomical community and the public should any potentially hazardous objects be discovered. As of February 02, 2014, 10,685 Near-Earth objects have been discovered. Some 868 of these NEOs are asteroids with a diameter of approximately 1 kilometer or larger. 1454 of these NEOs have been classified as potentially hazardous.

 

The final report of NASA’s Asteroid Initiative was released in January.

http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/Asteroid-Initiative-WS-Final-Report-508.pdf

NASA’s Asteroid Initiative consists of two separate but related activities: the Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM), and the Asteroid Grand Challenge (AGC). NASA is developing concepts for the ARM, which would use a robotic spacecraft to capture a small near-Earth asteroid (7 to 10 meters), or remove a boulder (1 to 10 meters) from the surface of a larger asteroid, and redirect it into a stable orbit around the moon. Astronauts launched aboard the Orion spacecraft would rendezvous with the captured asteroid material in lunar orbit, and collect samples for return to Earth.

 

The AGC is seeking the best ideas to find all asteroid threats to human populations, and to accelerate the work that NASA is already doing for planetary defense. The Asteroid Initiative will leverage and integrate NASA’s activities in human exploration, space technology, and space science to advance the technologies and capabilities needed for future human and robotic exploration, to enable the first human mission to interact with asteroid material, and to accelerate efforts to detect, track, characterize, and mitigate the

threat of potentially hazardous asteroids.

Last month, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State William J. Burns http://www.state.gov/s/d/2014/219501.htm , speaking at the International Space Exploration Forum, noted:  “…we can do much more to defend the planet from near-earth objects and space debris. We continue to work through the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space to deal with this challenge, and we are working with the European Union and other countries to develop an International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities. We also would welcome international support for NASA’s Asteroid Redirect Mission, which, among other things, will help us learn how to better defend our planet from a catastrophic asteroid collision.”

Despite this planet-saving mission, NASA’s 2014 budget is the lowest since 2007.

Now, for the first time, national space agencies from North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa will establish an expert group aimed at getting the world’s space-faring nations on the ‘same page’ when it comes to reacting to asteroid threats, working together to find and track dangerous asteroids, deciding what to do with them, and implementing a mission to protect the planet.

The latest evidence that asteroids pose a major threat occurred a year ago this week, when a previously unknown asteroid exploded high above Chelyabinsk, https://b612foundation.org/news/faq-on-the-chelyabinsk-asteroid-impact/  Russia, with 20–30 times the energy of the Hiroshima atomic bomb.  There was a brief period when the meteor appeared to glow brighter than the Sun. The shock wave produced by the asteroid as it hit the atmosphere caused numerous injuries and shattered windows.

If a possible strike by an asteroid is detected, an International Asteroid Warning Network would coordinate with space faring nations to prepare a response, including possible means of deflecting the threatening object away from the planet.